Table of Contents

List of Contributors xxix

Section 1 Introduction to New Measures/Indicators for the Economy 1

1 Advances in Business Statistics, Methods and Data Collection: Introduction 3
Ger Snijkers, Mojca Bavdaž, Stefan Bender, Jacqui Jones, Steve MacFeely, Joseph W. Sakshaug, Katherine J. Thompson, and Arnout van Delden

2 GDP and the SNA: Past and Present 23
Steve MacFeely and Peter van de Ven

3 GDP and the SNA: Future Challenges 43
Steve MacFeely and Peter van de Ven

4 Bridging the Gap Between Business and Macroeconomic Statistics: Methodological Considerations and Practical Solutions 63
Timo Koskimäki and Kristian Taskinen

5 Measuring Investment in Intangible Assets 79
Mojca Bavdaž, Ahmed Bounfour, Josh Martin, Alberto Nonnis, Giulio Perani, and Tjaša Redek

6 Measuring the US Digital Economy 105
Jessica R. Nicholson, Thomas F. Howells III, and David B. Wasshausen

7 Establishment Based Informal Sector Statistics: An Endeavor of Measurement from Economic Census 2018 of Nepal 125
Mahesh C. Pradhan

Section 2 Topics in the Production of Official Establishment Statistics and Organizational Frameworks 145

8 Statistical Producers Challenges and Help 147
Jacqui Jones and Holly O’Byrne

9 The Development and Maintenance of Statistical Business Registers as Statistical Infrastructure in Statistics Indonesia and the Australian Bureau of Statistics 175
Imam Machdi, Ratih Putri Pertiwi, Rr. Nefriana, and Willem Erasmus

10 Managing Response Burden for Official Statistics Business Surveys – Experiences and Recent Developments at Statistics Netherlands, Statistics Portugal, and Statistics Sweden 193
Johan Erikson, Deirdre Giesen, Leanne Houben, and Paulo Saraiva

11 Producing Official Statistics During the COVID-19 Pandemic 225
Jacqui Jones, Luisa Ryan, A.J. Lanyon, Marie Apostolou, Tanya Price, Corinna König, Marieke Volkert, Joseph W. Sakshaug, Dane Mead, Helen Baird, Duncan Elliott, and Craig H. McLaren

Section 3 Topics in the Use of Administrative Data 265

12 Methodology for the Use of Administrative Data in Business Statistics 267
Arnout van Delden and Danni Lewis

13 Developing Statistical Frameworks for Administrative Data and Integrating It into Business Statistics. Experiences from the UK and New Zealand 291
Nicholas Cox, Craig H. McLaren, Claire Shenton, Tom Tarling, and Ella W. Davies

14 The Evolution of Integrating Administrative Data in Business Statistics in Ireland 315
Colin Hanley and Sorcha O’Callaghan

Section 4 Topics in Business Survey Data Collection 335

15 What Computerized Business Questionnaires and Questionnaire Management Tools Can Offer 337
Gustav Haraldsen

16 Tailoring the Design of a New Combined Business Survey: Process, Methods, and Lessons Learned 357
Ger Snijkers, Leanne Houben, and Fred Demollin

17 Advances in Question(naire) Development, Pretesting, and Evaluation 387
Diane K. Willimack, Heather Ridolfo, Amy Anderson Riemer, Melissa Cidade, and Kathy Ott

18 Using Paradata in Electronic Business Survey Questionnaires 413
Ger Snijkers, Susan Demedash, and Jessica Andrews

19 Recent Findings from Experiments in Establishment Surveys 437
Josh Langeland, Heather Ridolfo, Jaki McCarthy, Kathy Ott, Doug Kilburg, Karen CyBulski, Melissa Krakowiecki, Larry Vittoriano, Matt Potts, Benjamin Küfner, Joseph W. Sakshaug, and Stefan Zins

20 Web Portals for Business Data Collection 469
Bente Hole and Leanne Houben

21 A Creative Approach to Promoting Survey Response 501
Charles F. Brady, Jr. and Kari L. Klinedinst

Section 5 Topics in the Use of New Data Sources and New Technologies 519

22 Statistical Data Production in a Digitized Age: The Need to Establish Successful Workflows for Micro Data Access 521
Stefan Bender, Jannick Blaschke, and Christian Hirsch

23 Machine Learning in German Official Statistics 537
Florian Dumpert

24 Six Years of Machine Learning in the Bureau of Labor Statistics 561
Alexander Measure

25 Using Machine Learning to Classify Products for the Commodity Flow Survey 573
Christian Moscardi and Benjamin Schultz

26 Alternative Data Sources in the Census Bureau’s Monthly State Retail Sales Data Product 593
Rebecca Hutchinson, Scott Scheleur, and Deanna Weidenhamer

Section 6 Topics in Sampling and Estimation 613

27 Introduction to Sampling and Estimation for Business Surveys 615
Paul A. Smith and Wesley Yung

28 Sample Coordination Methods and Systems for Establishment Surveys 637
Alina Matei and Paul A. Smith

29 Variance Estimation for Probability and Nonprobability Establishment Surveys: An Overview 659
Jill A. Dever and Dan Liao

30 Bayesian Methods Applied to Small Area Estimation for Establishment Statistics 685
Paul A. Parker, Ryan Janicki, and Scott H. Holan

31 Variance Estimation Under Nearest Neighbor Ratio Hot Deck Imputation for Multinomial Data: Two Approaches Applied to the Service Annual Survey (sas) 705
Rebecca Andridge, Jae Kwang Kim, and Katherine J. Thompson

32 Minimizing Revisions for a Monthly Economic Indicator 727
Nicole Czaplicki, Stephen Kaputa, and Laura Bechtel

Section 7 Topics in Data Integration, Linking and Matching 755

33 Record Linkage for Establishments: Background, Challenges, and an Example 757
Michael D.Larsen and Alan Herning

34 Methods for Estimating the Quality of Multisource Statistics 781
Arnout van Delden, Sander Scholtus, Ton de Waal, and Irene Csorba

35 Adopting Previously Reported Data into the 2022 Census of Agriculture: Lessons Learned from the 2020 September Agricultural Survey 805
Linda J. Young, Joseph B. Rodhouse, Zachary Terner, and Gavin Corral

36 Integrating Alternative and Administrative Data into the Monthly Business Statistics: Some Applications from Statistics Canada 821
Marie-Claude Duval, Richard Laroche, and Sébastien Landry

Acknowledgments 837

References 838

Index 839

About the Author

Ger Snijkers, PhD, is Senior Methodologist at Statistics Netherlands and former Professor of data collection methodology in business research at Utrecht University in the Netherlands.

Mojca Bavdaž, PhD, is Associate Professor at the School of Economics and Business, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Stefan Bender, is Head of the Data Service Center of the Deutsche Bundesbank and Honorary Professor at the School of Social Sciences, University Mannheim, Germany.

Jacqui Jones is the General Manager of Macroeconomic Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics. She formerly worked at the UK Office for National Statistics.

Steve MacFeely, PhD, is Director of Data and Analytics at the World Health Organization (WHO) and co-chair of the Committee of Chief Statisticians of the UN System. Formerly he was Chief Statistician of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the Deputy Director of the Central Statistics Office, Ireland.

Joseph W. Sakshaug, PhD, is Professor at the Institute for Employment Research and Department of Statistics at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany.

Katherine J. Thompson is the Senior Mathematical Statistician in the Associate Directorate for Economic Programs at the U.S. Census Bureau.

Arnout van Delden, PhD, is Senior Methodologist in the use of administrative data and multisource statistics at Statistics Netherlands.