Shen Kuo is a famous scientist and politician in Northern Song Dynasty of China. He studied astronomy and advocated a new calendar alike to the current calendar. In terms of physics, he recorded the principle of compass and various methods of making it. Shen Kuo discovered the existence of geomagnetism deflection, which was 400 years earlier than that of Europe, as well researching the imaging principle of concave mirror and the resonance discipline. In mathematics, he established ‘Interval Accumulating Method’ (the sum acquisition method of two-class arithmetical progression) and ‘circle meeting method’ (to obtain the length of arched string and arc as the diameter of the circle and the height of the bow are given). In geognosy, he researched the formation of alluvial plain and the corroding effect of water. The word ‘petroleum’ in Chinese was firstly put forward by Shen Kuo and still used today. In medicine, he recorded a great number of important medicine books as well as some effective prescriptions. Besides, he settled down many situations relating to scientific development and technology at that time, such as the invention of type printing and the method of metal smelting.
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