This is a book about the ways in which various intellectuals in the post-classical Mediterranean imagined the human community as a unified, homogenous whole composed of a diversity of parts. More specifically, it explores how authors of the second century CE adopted and adapted a particular ethnic and cultural discourse that had been elaborated by late fifth- and fourth-century BCE Athenian intellectuals. At the center of this book is a series of contests over the
meaning of lineage and descent and the extent to which the political community is or ought to be coterminous with what we might call a biologically homogenous collectivity. The study suggests that
early imperial intellectuals found in late classical and early Hellenistic thought a way of accommodating the claims of both ethnicity and culture in a single discourse of communal identity. The idea of the unity of humankind evolved in the fifth and fourth centuries as a response to and an engine for the creation of a rapidly shrinking and increasingly integrated oikoumenê . The increased presence of outsiders in the classical city-state as well as the creation of sources of
authority that lay outside of the polis destabilized the idea of the polis as a kin group (natio). Beginning in the early fourth century and gaining great momentum in the wake of Alexander's conquest of the East,
traditional dichotomies such as Greek and barbarian lost much of their explanatory power. In the second-century CE, by contrast, the empire of the Romans imposed a political space that was imagined by many to be coterminous with the oikoumenê itself. One of the central claims of this study is that the forms of cosmopolitan and ecumenical thought that emerged in both moments did so as responses to the idea that the natio - the kin group - is (or ought to be) the basis
for any human collectivity.
This is a book about the ways in which various intellectuals in the post-classical Mediterranean imagined the human community as a unified, homogenous whole composed of a diversity of parts. More specifically, it explores how authors of the second century CE adopted and adapted a particular ethnic and cultural discourse that had been elaborated by late fifth- and fourth-century BCE Athenian intellectuals. At the center of this book is a series of contests over the
meaning of lineage and descent and the extent to which the political community is or ought to be coterminous with what we might call a biologically homogenous collectivity. The study suggests that
early imperial intellectuals found in late classical and early Hellenistic thought a way of accommodating the claims of both ethnicity and culture in a single discourse of communal identity. The idea of the unity of humankind evolved in the fifth and fourth centuries as a response to and an engine for the creation of a rapidly shrinking and increasingly integrated oikoumenê . The increased presence of outsiders in the classical city-state as well as the creation of sources of
authority that lay outside of the polis destabilized the idea of the polis as a kin group (natio). Beginning in the early fourth century and gaining great momentum in the wake of Alexander's conquest of the East,
traditional dichotomies such as Greek and barbarian lost much of their explanatory power. In the second-century CE, by contrast, the empire of the Romans imposed a political space that was imagined by many to be coterminous with the oikoumenê itself. One of the central claims of this study is that the forms of cosmopolitan and ecumenical thought that emerged in both moments did so as responses to the idea that the natio - the kin group - is (or ought to be) the basis
for any human collectivity.
Introduction
1. Nature, Culture, and the Boundaries of the Human Community
2. After Ethnicity: Zeno as Citizen
3. The Rhetoric of Unity
4. "A Pure World of Signs": Language and Empire
5. The Origins of Human Wisdom
6. The Unity of the Divine
Conclusion
Bibliography
Daniel S. Richter is Assistant Professor of Classics, University of Southern California.
"This complex and stimulating book breathes life into old questions
and sheds new light on deceptively familiar texts."--Felix Racine,
The Classical Review
"This is a sophisticated study that engages a considerable number
of different texts with intellectual vigor and depth of
argumentation, proposing new readings and drawing innovative
connections."--Paul Dilley, Bryn Mawr Classical Review
"This is an important book, and one that will be read profitably by
scholars and advanced students interested in the intellectual and
cultural history either of the Greek world in the fifth and fourth
centuries BCE or of the Roman Empire in the second century
CE."--David Cherry, History: Reviews of New Books
"This is an outstanding synthesis of dazzling intellectual range
and temporal sweep that teems with original apercus. Tracing the
development of ancient ideas about the community of mankind,
Richter shows how Greekness evolved from an ethnic and regional
category in self-conscious opposition to 'barbarian' into a
potentially universal form of cultural identity that even ethnic
'barbarians' might claim."--Maud W. Gleason, Stanford
University
"Richter's Cosmopolis changes the way we see identity and community
in ancient Greece. Where most studies begin from the premise that
Greeks were perpetually obsessed with excluding 'others,' Richter
describes the emergence of the idea of a human community, and its
development in the more expansive and interconnected Hellenistic
and Roman worlds. This is important, progressive work, which any
cultural historian of the ancient Mediterranean will read with
pleasure and profit."--Tim Whitmarsh, Corpus Christi College,
Oxford
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