Table of Contents

Brain

Scalp, Skull, and Meninges

Scalp and Calvarial Vault

Cranial Meninges

Pia and Perivascular Spaces

Supratentorial Brain Anatomy

Cerebral Hemispheres Overview

Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy

White Matter Tracts

Basal Ganglia and Thalamus

Other Deep Gray Nuclei

Limbic System

Sella, Pituitary, and Cavernous Sinus

Pineal Region

Primary Somatosensory Cortex (Areas 1, 2, 3)

Primary Motor Cortex (Area 4)

Superior Parietal Cortex (Areas 5, 7)

Premotor Cortex and Supplementary Motor Area (Area 6)

Superior Prefrontal Cortex (Area 8)

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (Areas 9, 46)

Frontal Pole (Area 10)

Orbitofrontal Cortex (Area 11)

Insula and Parainsula Areas (Areas 13, 43)

Primary Visual and Visual Association Cortex (Areas 17, 18, 19)

Temporal Cortex (Areas 20, 21, 22)

Posterior Cingulate Cortex (Areas 23, 31)

Anterior Cingulate Cortex (Areas 24, 32, 33)

Subgenual Cingulate Cortex (Area 25)

Retrosplenial Cingulate Cortex (Areas 29, 30)

Parahippocampal Gyrus (Areas 28, 34, 35, 36)

Fusiform Gyrus (Area 37)

Temporal Pole (Area 38)

Inferior Parietal Lobule (Areas 39, 40)

Primary Auditory and Auditory Association Cortex (Areas 41, 42)

Inferior Frontal Gyrus (Areas 44, 45, 47)

High-Resolution Cortical Anatomy

Brain Network Anatomy

Functional Network Overview

Neurotransmitter Systems

Default Mode Network

Attention Control Network

Sensorimotor Network

Visual Network

Limbic Network

Language Network

Memory Network

Social Network

Infratentorial Brain

Brainstem and Cerebellum Overview

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla

Cerebellum

Cerebellopontine Angle/IAC

CSF Spaces

Ventricles and Choroid Plexus

Subarachnoid Spaces/Cisterns

Skull Base and Cranial Nerves

Skull Base Overview

Anterior Skull Base

Central Skull Base

Posterior Skull Base

Cranial Nerves Overview

Olfactory Nerve (CNI)

Optic Nerve (CNII)

Oculomotor Nerve (CNIII)

Trochlear Nerve (CNIV)

Trigeminal Nerve (CNV)

Abducens Nerve (CNVI)

Facial Nerve (CNVII)

Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CNVIII)

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CNIX)

Vagus Nerve (CNX)

Accessory Nerve (CNXI)

Hypoglossal Nerve (CNXII)

Extracranial Arteries

Aortic Arch and Great Vessels

Cervical Carotid Arteries

Intracranial Arteries

Intracranial Arteries Overview

Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery

Circle of Willis

Anterior Cerebral Artery

Middle Cerebral Artery

Posterior Cerebral Artery

Vertebrobasilar System

Veins and Venous Sinuses

Intracranial Venous System Overview

Dural Sinuses

Superficial Cerebral Veins

Deep Cerebral Veins

Posterior Fossa Veins

Extracranial Veins

Spine

Vertebral Column, Discs, and Paraspinal Muscle

Vertebral Column Overview

Ossification

Vertebral Body and Ligaments

Intervertebral Disc and Facet Joints

Paraspinal Muscles

Craniocervical Junction

Cervical Spine

Thoracic Spine

Lumbar Spine

Sacrum and Coccyx

Cord, Meninges, and Spaces

Spinal Cord and Cauda Equina

Meninges and Compartments

Vascular

Spinal Arterial Supply

Spinal Veins and Venous Plexus

Plexi and Peripheral Nerves

Brachial Plexus

Lumbar Plexus

Sacral Plexus and Sciatic Nerve

Peripheral Nerve and Plexus Overview

About the Author

Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR, is a University Distinguished Professor and Professor of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and

William H. and Patricia W. Child Presidential Endowed Chair in Radiology at the

University of Utah School of Medicine in

Salt Lake City, Utah

Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR, is Professor of Radiology and Imaging Sciences. She is the Neuroradiology Section Chief and Associate Fellowship Director, and holds the Leslie W. Davis Endowed Chair in Neuroradiology at the University of Utah School of Medicine in Salt Lake City, Utah. Arthur W. Toga is the Director, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Director, Institute of Neuroimaging and Informatics, Provost Professor, Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, Psychiatry, and the Behavioral Sciences, Radiology and Engineering at the Keck School of Medicine of USC. His research is focused on neuroimaging, informatics, mapping brain structure and function, and brain atlasing. He has developed multimodal imaging and data aggregation strategies and applied them in a variety of neurological diseases and psychiatric disorders. His work in informatics includes the development and implementation of some of the largest and most widely used databases and data mining tools linking disparate data from genetics, imaging, clinical and behavior, supporting global efforts in Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's and Parkinson's disease. He was trained in neuroscience and computer science and has written more than 1,000 papers, chapters and abstracts, including eight books. Recruited to USC in 2013, he directs the Laboratory of Neuro Imaging. This 110-member laboratory includes graduate students from computer science, biostatistics and neuroscience. It is funded with grants from the National Institutes of Health grants as well as industry partners. He has received numerous awards and honors in computer science, graphics and neuroscience. Prior to coming to USC he was a Distinguished Professor Neurology at UCLA, held the Geffen Chair of Informatics at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Associate Director of the UCLA Brain Mapping Division within the Neuropsychiatric Institute, and Associate Dean, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. He is the founding Editor-in-Chief of the journal NeuroImage and holds the chairmanship of numerous committees within NIH and a variety of international task forces. Kevin R. Moore, MD is an Adjunct Professor of Radiology and Imaging Sciences at the University of UT School of Medicine in Salt Lake City, UT. He is a pediatric radiologist and pediatric neuroradiologist.