The concept of personhood becomes increasingly controversial in modern legal debates. The advancements in the contemporary science and technology entail the need for reconsideration of who should count as a person in law and why. Animals, cyborgs, artificial agents and the like may pose the most important challenge for the legal orders in the 21 century. The volume collects essays addressing various aspects of this challenge and provide an overview of what may become the most interesting and far-reaching dilemma for the law in the years to come.

Tomasz Pietrzykowski is professor at the Department of Legal Theory and Philosophy of Law, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland.

Brunello Stancioli is Doctor of Law and full time Tenured Law Professor at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Contents: Tomasz Pietrzykowski/Brunello Stancioli: Introduction: Modern Challenges to the Concept of a Person in Law - Tomasz Pietrzykowski: Law, Personhood, and the Discontents of Juridical Humanism - Brunello Stancioli/Daniel Ribeiro: Dignity as Constraint and as Freedom: On the Meanings of Human Dignity for a Transhuman World - Wojciech Zaluski: The Concept of Person in the Light of Evolutionary Theory and Neuroscience - Carolina Nasser/Nara Carvalho/Brunello Stancioli/Laís Lopes: An Adequate Concept of Human Body: Debunking Mind-Body Dualism - Malte-Christian Gruber: Legal Subjects and Partial Legal Subjects in Electronic Commerce - Miodrag Jovanovic: Constructing Legal Personality of Collective Entities - The Case of «Peasants» - Tatiana Chauvin: Philosophical Anthropology as a Model of Human Legal Subjectivity - Antonio Cota Marçal/Paula Maria Nasser Cury: The Constitutive Journey Toward Individual Personhood - Tomasz Pietrzykowski: Beyond Personhood: From Two Conceptions of Rights to Two Kinds of Right-Holders.