Table of Contents

* New to this edition 1. Reading Critically Critical Reading Distinguishing Facts from Opinions Making Inferences Synthesizing Information Evaluating Quality Detecting Errors in Logic Strategies for Critical Reading Approach Your Reading with a Reflective and Questioning AttitudePreview the Material Do a First Reading Reread and Study A Sample Marked EssayKeeping a Reading Journal Summarizing The Purpose of Summaries Suggestions for Writing a Summary A Sample Summary Synthesizing The Purpose of Synthesis Suggestions for Synthesizing Information A Sample Synthesis Strategies for Critical Reading of Visual MaterialCharts and GraphsPhotographsAdvertisementsReading Selection: Mortimer Adler, How to Mark a Book 2. Planning an Essay and Using the Patterns of DevelopmentConsidering Your Writing Context Purpose Audience The Writer’s Role Generating Ideas Shaping a Writing Topic Discovering Ideas to Develop Your Topic Developing a Thesis Location of the Thesis Qualities of an Effective Thesis How to Compose Your Thesis Ordering Ideas Outlining Using the Patterns of DevelopmentReading Selection: Gail Godwin, The Watcher at the Gates 3. Writing and Rewriting Writing Your First DraftTips for DraftingEssay StructureThe Introduction Body ParagraphsThe ConclusionThe Title Visualizing an Essay Revising Your Draft Tips for Revising Revising with Peer Review Editing Your DraftTips for Editing Proofreading the Final CopyAn Essay in Progress: "The Not-so-ideal Male"Reading Selection: Paul Roberts, How to Say Nothing in 500 Words 4. Description The Pattern Using Description for a PurposeDescription in College, at Work, in the CommunityDeciding on a Dominant ImpressionSupporting DetailsObjective and Expressive Details Descriptive Words Similes and Metaphors Organizing Details Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Description Checklist for Revising Description Annotated Student Essay: The Gendarme *N. Scott Momaday The Homestead on Rainy Mountain CreekAlfred Kazin My Neighborhood*Rick Bass A Winter’s TaleAnnie Dillard The Deer at Providencia Gretel Ehrlich Struck by Lightning Alberto Riós The Vietnam WallAdditional Writing Assignments5. Narration The Pattern Using Narration for a PurposeNarration in College, at Work, in the CommunitySupporting Details Writing Dialogue Organizing Details Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Narration Checklist for Revising Narration Annotated Student Essay: The Family Reunion, Revisited *Chris Abani The LotteryLangston Hughes Salvation *William Glaberson Seeking Justice after a Fatal Spin of the CylinderNatalie Kusz Ring LeaderJean Shepherd Lost at C Lee K. Abbott The View of Me from MarsAdditional Essay Assignments6. Exemplification The Pattern Using Exemplification for a PurposeExemplification in College, at Work, in the CommunitySupporting Details Hypothetical ExamplesOrganizing Details Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Exemplification Checklist for Revising Exemplification *Annotated Student Essay: Food for Thought *Cullen Murphy LifosuctionTrip Gabriel Computers Help Unite Campuses but Also Drive Some Students Apart Ralph Ellison On Being the Target of DiscriminationBarbara Ehrenreich What I Learned from Men: Lessons for a Full-Grown Feminist Jonathan Kozol Untouchables *Toni Cade Bambara The LessonAdditional Essay Assignments7. Process Analysis The Pattern Using Process Analysis for a PurposeProcess Analysis in College, at Work, in the CommunitySupporting Details Organizing Details Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing a Process Analysis Checklist for Revising a Process Analysis Annotated Student Essay: A Visit to Candyland Miklós Vámos How I’ll Become an America Diane Cole Don’t Just Stand There Henry Louis Gates, Jr. In the Kitchen Timothy Harper Shoot to Kill Jessica Mitford Behind the Formaldehyde Curtain*Naomi Shihab Nye The Traveling OnionAdditional Essay Assignments 8. Comparison-Contrast The Pattern Using Comparison-Contrast for a PurposeComparison-Contrast in College, at Work, in the CommunityChoosing Subjects Supporting Details Organizing Details Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Comparison-Contrast Checklist for Revising Comparison-Contrast Annotated Student Essay: Teaching a New Dog Old Tricks Bruce Catton Grant and Lee: A Study in Contrasts Suzanne Britt Neat People vs. Sloppy People *Nicholas D. Kristof In Japan, Nice Boys (and Girls) Finish Together Alice Walker Am I Blue? Deborah Tannen Squeaky Wheels and Protruding Nails: Direct and Indirect Speech Arthur L. Campa Anglo vs. Chicano: Why? *Robert Frost Fire and IceAdditional Essay Assignments 9. Cause-and-Effect Analysis The Pattern Using Cause-and-Effect Analysis for a PurposeCause-and-Effect Analysis in College, at Work, in the Community Supporting Details Avoiding Errors in Logic Organizing Details Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Cause-and-Effect Analysis Checklist for Revising Cause-and-Effect Analysis Annotated Student Essay: Why Athletes Use Steroids Dorothy Siegel What Is Behind the Growth of Violence on College Campuses?*Andrew Sullivan Why the M Word Matters to Me*James Surowiecki Paying to PlayEyal Press Fouled Out Brent Staples Just Walk on By: A Black Man Ponders His Power to Alter Public Space Calvin Trillin It’s Just Too Late Leslie Marmon Silko LullabyAdditional Essay Assignments10. Classification and Division The Pattern Using Classification and Division for a PurposeClassification and Division in College, at Work, in the CommunityThe Ordering Principle for Classification and Division Supporting Details Organizing DetailsProcess Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Classification and Division Checklist for Revising Classification-Division Annotated Student Essay: Strictly Speaking Sissela Bok White LiesMartin Luther King, Jr. The Ways of Meeting OppressionDavid Bodanis What’s In Your Toothpaste? William Zinsser College Pressures Desmond Morris Territorial Behavior Dylan Thomas Do Not Go Gentle into That Good NightAdditional Essay Assignments11. Definition The PatternUsing Definition for a PurposeDefinition in College, at Work, in the CommunitySupporting Details Organizing Details Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Definition Checklist for Revising Definition *Annotated Student Essay: Why did the Chicken Cross the Möbius Strip? Judy Brady I Want a Wife *Jonathan Rauch Caring for Your IntrovertJo Goodwin Parker What Is Poverty?Malcolm Gladwell The Art of Failure Elie Wiesel To Be a JewPat Mora ImmigrantsAdditional Writing Assignments12. The Law and Society: A Casebook for Argumentation-Persuasion The Difference between Argumentation and Persuasion Purpose and Audience Argumentation-Persuasion in College, at Work, in the CommunitySupporting Details Logos Pathos Ethos How Logos, Pathos, and Ethos Relate to Purpose and Audience Raising and Countering Objections The Toulmin Model Inductive and Deductive Reasoning Induction Deduction Organizing Argumentation-Persuasion Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Argumentation-Persuasion Checklist for Revising Argumentation-Persuasion *Annotated Student Essay: Cast Out of Kansas: Music Censorship in Public Libraries Should the the Law Allow Cloning of Embryonic Stem Cells?*Jeremy Rifkin Why I Oppose Human Cloning *Raymond Barglow A Reply to Rifkin Is Justice Served by Trying Juvenile Offenders as Adults?The New York Times Little Adult Criminals Laurence Steinberg Should Juvenile Offenders Be Tried as Adults?Linda J. Collier Adult Crime, Adult Time Timothy Roche and Amanda Bower Young Voices from the Cell What Speech Does the First Amendment Protect on College Campuses? Nat Hentoff Free Speech on Campus Charles R. Lawrence III The Debate over Placing Limits on Racist Speech Must Not Ignore the Damage It Does to Its Victims*Harvey A. Silvergate and Greg Lukianoff Speech Codes: Alive and Well at Colleges*Howard M. Wasserman Fan Profanity*Robert O’Neil What Limits Should Campus Networks Place on Pornography?13. Combining Patterns of DevelopmentPatterns for a PurposeUsing the Patterns of Development in Your WritingProcess Guidelines: Strategies for Combining Patterns*Annotated Student Essay: The Telephone Is Out; IM Is In*Brad Whetsine Augustinian InfluencesGeorge Orwell A HangingRichard Rodriguez Complexion*Pagan Kennedy One Room, 3,000 Brains*Esther Thorson Dissect an AdE. B. White Once More to the Lake14. Locating, Evaluating, and Drawing on Sources Using SourcesLocating SourcesEvaluating Print and Internet Sources Drawing on Sources: Paraphrasing and QuotingIntegrating Paraphrases and Quotations Avoiding Plagiarism Documenting Sources *Annotated Student Essay: Divorce as a Violation of Trust

About the Author

Barbara Clouse has taught all levels of college composition, first at Youngstown State University in northeastern Ohio and then at Slippery Rock University in western Pennsylvania. She has also written a number of composition texts. In addition to A Troubleshooting Guide for Writers, her books include The Student Writer: Editor and Critic, Jumpstart: A Workbook for Writers, Patterns for a Purpose: A Rhetorical Reader, and Transitions: From Reading to Writing, all written for McGraw-Hill. She has also developed Cornerstones: Readings for Writers, which is a short prose reader that is part of Primis, McGraw-Hill's custom publishing database. Barbara has also written Progressions with Readings and Conventions and Expectations: A Brief Handbook and Guide to Writing for Longman Publishers. A frequent presenter at national and regional conferences, Barbara often conducts workshops for writing teachers. McGraw-Hill authors represent the leading experts in their fields and are dedicated to improving the lives, careers, and interests of readers worldwide.