This book explores the role of phonological templates in early language use from the perspective of usage-based phonology and exemplar models and within the larger developmental framework of Dynamic Systems Theory. After analysing children's first words and their adult targets, Vihman sets out procedures for establishing the children's later prosodic structures and templates, drawing on data from American and British English, Estonian, Finnish, French, Italian, and
Welsh; she also provides briefer longitudinal accounts of template use in Arabic and Brazilian Portuguese. The children are found to begin with simple word forms that match their selected adult
targets; this is followed by the production of more challenging words, adapted to fit the child's existing patterns. Early accuracy is replaced by later recourse to an 'inner model' - a template - of a favoured word shape. The book also examines the timing, fading, quantification, and function of child phonological templates. In addition, two chapters focus on the use of templates in adult language, in the core grammar and in the more creative morphology of colloquial
'short forms' and hypocoristics in French and Estonian and of English rhyming compounds. The idea of templates is traced back to its origins in Prosodic Morphology, but its uses are most in evidence in the
informal settings of adult language 'at play'. Throughout the volume, the discussion returns to the issues of emergent systematicity, the roles of articulatory and memory challenges for children, and the similarities and differences in the function of templates for adults as compared with children.
This book explores the role of phonological templates in early language use from the perspective of usage-based phonology and exemplar models and within the larger developmental framework of Dynamic Systems Theory. After analysing children's first words and their adult targets, Vihman sets out procedures for establishing the children's later prosodic structures and templates, drawing on data from American and British English, Estonian, Finnish, French, Italian, and
Welsh; she also provides briefer longitudinal accounts of template use in Arabic and Brazilian Portuguese. The children are found to begin with simple word forms that match their selected adult
targets; this is followed by the production of more challenging words, adapted to fit the child's existing patterns. Early accuracy is replaced by later recourse to an 'inner model' - a template - of a favoured word shape. The book also examines the timing, fading, quantification, and function of child phonological templates. In addition, two chapters focus on the use of templates in adult language, in the core grammar and in the more creative morphology of colloquial
'short forms' and hypocoristics in French and Estonian and of English rhyming compounds. The idea of templates is traced back to its origins in Prosodic Morphology, but its uses are most in evidence in the
informal settings of adult language 'at play'. Throughout the volume, the discussion returns to the issues of emergent systematicity, the roles of articulatory and memory challenges for children, and the similarities and differences in the function of templates for adults as compared with children.
1: Perspectives on phonological development
2: Whole-word phonology: Historical and theoretical overview
3: Building the evidence: From item learning to templates
4: First words and prosodic structures: A cross-linguistic
perspective
5: Phonological templates in development
6: Issues around child templates: Timing, fading, quantification,
and function
7: Relation of child to adult templates, I: Parallels in core
grammar
8: Relation of child to adult templates, II: Language at play
9: Conclusion
Appendix I: Children and language groups
Appendix IIa: Chronological list of C's adapted productions
Appendix IIb: Week-by-week listing of C's adapted productions
Appendix IIIa: French truncated (selected) forms in -o.
Appendix IIIb: French adapted forms in -o.
Appendix IV: French hypocoristics
Appendix V: Estonian short forms
Appendix VI: English rhyming compounds
Marilyn Vihman is Professor of Language and Linguistic Science at
the University of York, having previously held positions at
Stanford and the University of Wales at Bangor. Her research
focuses mainly on vocal and perceptual development and word
learning in the first two years of life. Her books include
Phonological Development: The Origins of Language in the Child
(Blackwell, 1996) and its revised edition Phonological Development:
The First Two
Years (Wiley-Blackwell, 2014), and, as co-editor with Tamar
Keren-Portnoy, The Emergence of Phonology: Whole-Word Approaches
and Cross-Linguistic Evidence (CUP, 2013).
...the great quantity of data used to support the idea of
phonological templates provides a convincing argument for their
existence...The theory is well supported with data and suggests a
different way to look at children's early phonological and lexical
development. The text is suitable for advanced students of
phonology, phonologists and speech-language pathologists.
*Leah R. Paltiel-Gedalyovich, Achva Academic College, LINGUIST
List*
Marilyn May Vihman lays out a career's worth of work on the role of
templates in children's phonological and lexical development. The
book provides rich historical context and compiles a huge wealth of
data in one place. It will be of interest to any student of
phonological development.
*Phonology*
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