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This major two-volume study offers an interdisciplinary analysis of Montaigne's Essais and their fortunes in early modern Europe and the modern western university. Volume one focuses on contexts from within Montaigne's own milieu, and on the ways in which his book made him a patron-author or instant classic in the eyes of his editor Marie de Gournay and his promoter Justus Lipsius. Volume two focuses on the reader-writers across Europe who used the Essais to make their own works, from corrected editions and translations in print, to life-writing and personal records in manuscript. The two volumes work together to offer a new picture of the book's significance in literary and intellectual history. Montaigne's is now usually understood to be the school of late humanism or of Pyrrhonian scepticism. This study argues that the school of Montaigne potentially included everyone in early modern Europe with occasion and means to read and write for themselves and for their friends and family, unconstrained by an official function or scholastic institution. For the Essais were shaped by a battle that had intensified since the Reformation and that would continue through to the pre-Enlightenment period. It was a battle to regulate the educated individual's judgement in reading and acting upon the two books bequeathed by God to man. The book of scriptures and the book of nature were becoming more accessible through print and manuscript cultures. But at the same time that access was being mediated more intensively by teachers such as clerics and humanists, by censors and institutions, by learned authors of past and present, and by commentaries and glosses upon those authors. Montaigne enfranchised the unofficial reader-writer with liberties of judgement offered and taken in the specific historical conditions of his era. The study draws on new ways of approaching literary history through the history of the book and of reading. The Essais are treated as a mobile, transnational work that travelled from Bordeaux to Paris and beyond to markets in other countries from England and Switzerland, to Italy and the Low Countries. Close analysis of editions, paratexts, translations, and annotated copies is informed by a distinct concept of the social context of a text. The concept is derived from anthropologist Alfred Gell's notion of the 'art nexus': the specific types of actions and agency relations mediated by works of art understood as 'indexes' that give rise to inferences of particular kinds. Throughout the two volumes the focus is on the particular nexus in which a copy, an edition, an extract, is embedded, and on the way that nexus might be described by early-modern people.
Show moreThis major two-volume study offers an interdisciplinary analysis of Montaigne's Essais and their fortunes in early modern Europe and the modern western university. Volume one focuses on contexts from within Montaigne's own milieu, and on the ways in which his book made him a patron-author or instant classic in the eyes of his editor Marie de Gournay and his promoter Justus Lipsius. Volume two focuses on the reader-writers across Europe who used the Essais to make their own works, from corrected editions and translations in print, to life-writing and personal records in manuscript. The two volumes work together to offer a new picture of the book's significance in literary and intellectual history. Montaigne's is now usually understood to be the school of late humanism or of Pyrrhonian scepticism. This study argues that the school of Montaigne potentially included everyone in early modern Europe with occasion and means to read and write for themselves and for their friends and family, unconstrained by an official function or scholastic institution. For the Essais were shaped by a battle that had intensified since the Reformation and that would continue through to the pre-Enlightenment period. It was a battle to regulate the educated individual's judgement in reading and acting upon the two books bequeathed by God to man. The book of scriptures and the book of nature were becoming more accessible through print and manuscript cultures. But at the same time that access was being mediated more intensively by teachers such as clerics and humanists, by censors and institutions, by learned authors of past and present, and by commentaries and glosses upon those authors. Montaigne enfranchised the unofficial reader-writer with liberties of judgement offered and taken in the specific historical conditions of his era. The study draws on new ways of approaching literary history through the history of the book and of reading. The Essais are treated as a mobile, transnational work that travelled from Bordeaux to Paris and beyond to markets in other countries from England and Switzerland, to Italy and the Low Countries. Close analysis of editions, paratexts, translations, and annotated copies is informed by a distinct concept of the social context of a text. The concept is derived from anthropologist Alfred Gell's notion of the 'art nexus': the specific types of actions and agency relations mediated by works of art understood as 'indexes' that give rise to inferences of particular kinds. Throughout the two volumes the focus is on the particular nexus in which a copy, an edition, an extract, is embedded, and on the way that nexus might be described by early-modern people.
Show moreWarren Boutcher is Professor of Renaissance Studies in the School of English and Drama, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Queen Mary University of London. He has published extensively on Montaigne and on humanism, translation, and the history of the book and of libraries in early modern England, France, and Italy.
[Boutcher] gives us an in-depth account of Montaigne's literary
influence across the Western world from the sixteenth century to
the present day.
*Patrick J. Murray, The Times Literary Supplement*
Boutcher follows Montaigne and his Essais around Europe, and
constructs as he goes an intricate, learned, and very readable
reassessment of early modern authorship which scrupulously locates
Montaigne's practice within a mobile portrait of contemporary
norms...the work offers much of interest to scholars of Elizabethan
literature and culture, not least as a case study in itself of an
alternative mode of literary history.
*Harriet Archer, The English Association*
[B]eneath the vast scope of Boutcher's study of the European
fortunes of the Essais—in their own time, in the long seventeenth
century, and in the modern Western university—lies the nagging
question: but why has this book been ever arresting, and in what
changing ways? If the answer has been, for many readers, "because
Montaigne teaches me to think for myself," Boutcher's achievement
is to show that this deceptively simple answer is variously
predicated on historical conditions, hierarchies, constraints,
exclusions, and technologies. ... Boutcher [turns] the
long-cherished ideal of a one-to-one encounter with Montaigne from
an unquestioned method of study into part of what studying and
questioning the Essais should be about
*Neil Kenny, Common Knowledge*
Warren Boutcher ... [has] transformed the study of Montaigne's
Essais ... Boutcher's ... exhaustive study of Montaigne's influence
traces the actual history of his book: how it was read in numerous
editions and translations across early modern Europe and how these
editions inspired a new kind of reader-writer in the
post-Reformation world ... Boutcher seeks to restore the Essais to
its early modern milieu, to a time before it was “great.”
*Zachary S. Schiffman, The Journal of Modern History*
Warren Boutcher's masterful study of the genesis and reception of
the Essays within a European social network concerned with the
training of liberal minds.'; 'Original wide-ranging study of
Montaigne's place at the center of a European intellectual network
focused on the education and training of the nobility; opens new
modes of inquiry within literary/cultural interrelations
*William Hamlin, Montaigne: A Very Short Introduction*
Boutcher puts [his] methodology into practice in impressive style
... [He] follows Montaigne and his Essais around Europe, and
constructs as he goes an intricate, learned, and very readable
reassessment of early modern authorship which scrupulously locates
Montaigne's practice within a mobile portrait of contemporary
norms. ... [T]he work offers much of interest to scholars of
Elizabethan literature and culture, not least as a case study in
itself of an alternative mode of literary history
*Harriet Archer and Richard Wood, The Year's Work in English
Studies*
Resembling nothing so much as an Anthony Grafton of vernacular
scholarship, Boutcher leaps from France to the Netherlands, from
England to Italy, and from Spain to Germany in order to track
thousands of interlinked references to the Essays. ... The book's
impressive span aims at two distinct ends: as a summation of
Montaigne's reception and influence, Boutcher's School of Montaigne
stands as a reference work for all scholars ... ; at the same time,
it mounts a novel and provocative challenge to current literary
studies in how it shows that contextualization can not only
determine historical actors, it can liberate them
*George Hoffmann, Renaissance and Reformation*
Warren Boutcher's prodigious—and prodigiously important—book';
'[T]he school of Montaigne has had—and continues to have—textbooks
in many editions, countless students, myriad teachers. Warren
Boutcher is, quite simply, one of its finest instructors
*Peter Platt, Renaissance Quarterly*
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