Medical students and junior and senior doctors are frequently called upon to give research presentations, write reports, and answer exam questions on specific areas of medical research.
Understanding Medical Research: The Studies That Shaped Medicine is an exciting new title that offers a unique and valuable approach to understanding historically influential studies in important areas of medicine.
Featuring chapters from Sir Liam Donaldson and Sir David Weatherall, amongst others, world leading researchers identify ten primary research papers that have shaped the direction of research in their given topic, examining why they were carried out, key findings, and how they changed the field.
Each chapter also contains short sections on ‘Key Questions Remaining’ which outline outstanding areas where further research is needed, and a link to ‘Key Laboratories/Clinics’ which point the reader to major research groups of international standing.
Covering the seminal research in core areas of medicine, Understanding Medical Research provides an authoritative framework on each topic for medical students and healthcare professionals.
Show moreMedical students and junior and senior doctors are frequently called upon to give research presentations, write reports, and answer exam questions on specific areas of medical research.
Understanding Medical Research: The Studies That Shaped Medicine is an exciting new title that offers a unique and valuable approach to understanding historically influential studies in important areas of medicine.
Featuring chapters from Sir Liam Donaldson and Sir David Weatherall, amongst others, world leading researchers identify ten primary research papers that have shaped the direction of research in their given topic, examining why they were carried out, key findings, and how they changed the field.
Each chapter also contains short sections on ‘Key Questions Remaining’ which outline outstanding areas where further research is needed, and a link to ‘Key Laboratories/Clinics’ which point the reader to major research groups of international standing.
Covering the seminal research in core areas of medicine, Understanding Medical Research provides an authoritative framework on each topic for medical students and healthcare professionals.
Show moreContributors, ix
Preface, xiv
Foreword, xv
Sir Liam Donaldson
Acknowledgements, xvi
Chapter 1 Population Health, 1
Douglas Noble, Felix Greaves and Sir Liam Donaldson
Chapter 2 Patient Safety, 14
Felix Greaves, Douglas Noble and Sir Liam Donaldson
Chapter 3 Heart Failure, 24
Martin R. Cowie and Kaushik Guha
Chapter 4 Acute Coronary Syndrome (NSTEMI), 34
Wei Yao Lim and Colin Berry
Chapter 5 Lipids, Dyslipidaemia and Cardiovascular Disease,
46
Gilbert R. Thompson
Chapter 6 Atrial Fibrillation, 58
Kunihiro Nishida and Stanley Nattel
Chapter 7 Asthma, 69
Tak H. Lee and Leonard Siew
Chapter 8 Cystic Fibrosis, 81
Andrew Bush
Chapter 9 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 92
Paul A. Ford and Peter J. Barnes
Chapter 10 Pneumonia, 103
John M. Wrightson, Eleanor K. Mishra and Robert J.O. Davies
Chapter 11 Stroke, 115
Philip M.W. Bath and Nikola Sprigg
Chapter 12 Parkinson’s Disease, 127
Edward J. Newman and Donald G. Grosset
Chapter 13 Epilepsy, 138
Fergus J. Rugg-Gunn
Chapter 14 Motor Neuron Disease, 151
Martin R. Turner and Kevin Talbot
Chapter 15 Migraine, 162
Mark W. Weatherall
Chapter 16 Multiple Sclerosis, 171
Alasdair Coles and Alastair Compston
Chapter 17 The Autoimmune Basis for Guillain-Barr_e Syndrome,
183
John A. Goodfellow and Hugh J. Willison
Chapter 18 Helicobacter pylori, Peptic Ulcers and Gastric
Cancer, 193
Anahita Dua and Emad M. El-Omar
Chapter 19 Acute Liver Failure, 204
James O’Beirne and Andrew K. Burroughs
Chapter 20 Haemostasis and Thrombosis, 216
Charles Percy and Raza Alikhan
Chapter 21 The Inherited Disorders of Haemoglobin, 224
Sir David Weatherall
Chapter 22 Diabetes Therapy and the Prevention of Vascular
Damage, 235
Philip Home
Chapter 23 Rheumatoid Arthritis, 246
Jonathan C.W. Edwards and Maria J. Leandro
Chapter 24 Osteoarthritis, 254
Kirsten White, Alexander S. Nicholls, Anushka Soni and Nigel
Arden
Chapter 25 Systemic Vasculitis, 263
Joanna Robson, Ravi Suppiah and Raashid Luqmani
Chapter 26 Polycystic Kidney Disease, 275
Qi Qian
Chapter 27 Glomerular Disease and the Nephrotic Syndrome,
285
Jenny Papakrivopoulou and Robert Unwin
Chapter 28 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, 296
Tica Pichulik and Alison Simmons
Chapter 29 Transplantation, 309
Elizabeth Simpson
Chapter 30 Autoimmunity, 320
Jonathan C.W. Edwards and Geraldine Cambridge
Chapter 31 The Biochemistry of Depression, 329
Philip J. Cowen
Chapter 32 Schizophrenia and the Dopamine Hypothesis, 338
Mandy Johnstone and Eve C. Johnstone
Chapter 33 Alzheimer’s Disease, 349
Gordon Wilcock and Alistair Burns
Index, 361
John A. Goodfellow, BM BCh, PhD, is Honorary Clinical Academic Fellow at the University of Glasgow
Featured in The Times Higher Education Supplement - 23 February
2012 Times Higher Education review:
Medical knowledge is advancing unbelievably quickly, and medical
practice has been revolutionised by scientific research that is not
only groundbreaking, but well considered and based on sound
scientific principles. Not surprisingly, many medical schools now
expect students to participate in research projects, and evidence
of such work is de rigueur for job applications post-qualification.
By examining key developments in medicine we can see the
complexities of the theoretical approaches and methodologies used.
I find it essential to cultivate this understanding in the medical
students I supervise; moreover, it allows them to experience the
sheer excitement of medical research. Understanding Medical
Research, aimed at the young medical researcher of the future,
should therefore be timely, especially given the focus made
explicit in its subtitle, The Studies that Shaped Medicine. It is
ambitious and covers a wide range of clinical disorders, and the
authors of each chapter have chosen publications that contribute
most to progress in their medical specialty. Each chapter ends with
key questions, which are useful in pointing to further exploration,
perhaps through involvement in research projects. This text avoids
being a classic review of the literature, but seeks instead to
provide a glimpse into the "unique blend of science and
pragmatism", to quote the chief medical officer Sir Liam
Donaldson's admirable foreword, which can have a profound impact on
medical practice. I found the opening chapter on the
epidemiological aspect of medicine particularly effective in
accomplishing that aim, with its historical context and deft
glimpses of the complex interactions between medicine, sociology
and political change, and broad-brushstroke sketches of those
involved. Likewise, "Patient safety" begins with Florence
Nightingale, who was not renowned for "medical research" but who is
shown here to have used a meticulous, evidence-based approach in
collecting and analysing data; a fine example for anyone starting
out in population-based research. I appreciated the inclusion of
James Reason's work on accident causation, originally conceived for
non-medical problems but which is now an approach that profoundly
influences modern medical practice. Other chapters juxtapose
different research methods, for example computer modelling and in
vivo studies, or describe the revolutionising impact of modern
genetics. Research papers often tell a good story, and I was
particularly engaged by the chapter "Helicobacter pylori, peptic
ulcers and gastric cancer". Understanding normal biology is
essential in comprehending disease pathology, as is clearly shown
in the chapter "Inherited diseases of haemoglobin", and also in
"Transplantation", which focuses on monoclonal antibodies, now
routinely used in basic research and chemical pathology. Although
there are many other equally fine examples, not all the chapters
reach this high level. Overall, I am unsure whether this volume
completely addresses the challenge of understanding medical
research, which requires appreciation of the researcher's thought
process, hypotheses and methodologies employed. Certainly I had a
glimpse of the studies that shaped modern medicine. Perhaps it
would have been more appropriate if the subtitle were the main
title. - Isobel Braidman, Senior Lecturer in Medicine, University
of Manchester Medical School, and a Higher Education Academy
national teaching fellow Pre-publication reviews:
“Round the edge of one two pound coin design is engraved the
words: 'standing on the shoulders of giants', the famous quote from
Isaac Newton; this great book provides the foothold that young and
old require.” - Sir Muir Gray, Kt, CBE, DSc, MD, FRCPSGlas,
FCLIP, Director of the National Knowledge Service and Chief
Knowledge Officer to the NHS “Medical research is at the core of
all we do in healthcare. Understanding where we’ve come from
is critical to planning future research, promoting innovation and
developing leadership. ‘Understanding Medical Research’ provides a
firm foundation of knowledge in medical research that will be
essential reading for academics and health service professionals
alike.” - Prof the Lord Darzi of Denham, PC, KBE, Paul Hamlyn
Chair of Surgery, Imperial College London, former Parliamentary
Under-Secretary of State (Lords) at the Department of Health “It
covers the topic in depth from its definition, pathology and each
paragraph that has come from a different source is referenced at
the top. It gives a great and in depth view of a topic and cites
the sources used. Excellent.” - Foundation Year Doctor, Ulster
Hospital
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