Some Introductory Concepts: Types of Water Pollution. The
Relationship Between Aquatic Toxicology and Fish Physiology. Levels
of Biological Organization. Importance of Dose and Duration of
Exposure. Stress. Toxic Mode of Action.
Environmental Hypoxia: Minimum Levels of Oxygen Required for Fish
Life. Interaction of Hypoxia and Toxicity of Pollutant Chemicals.
Gill vs. Cutaneous Respiration. Adjustments in Ventilation.
Adjustments by the Gills to Hypoxia. Transport of Oxygen by the
Blood. Cardiovascular Changes During Hypoxia. Respiratory
Regulation and Conformity. Anaerobic Metabolism. Swimming Speed.
Behavior. Blood and Urine. Histopathology. Acclimation to
Hypoxia.
Respiratory and Cardiovascular Responses: Overview of Normal
Respiratory Physiology. Histopathology of Gill Lamellae Exposed to
Pollutants. Ventilation Changes in Response to Pollutants.
Physiological Mechanisms of Changes in Ventilation. Circulatory
Physiology. Cardiac Responses to Pollutants.
Hematology: Fish Blood Cells and their Measurement. Chemicals that
Cause Anemia. Chemicals Causing an Increase in Hematological
Variables.
Uptake, Accumulation, Biotransformation, and Excretion of
Xenobiotics: Uptake from the Environment. Transport Within the Fish
of Metals and Organics. Accumulation of Metals in Different Organs.
Regulation of Metal Concentration. Glutathione and Metal
Detoxification. Involvement of Metallothionein in Metal
Accumulation and Acclimation to Metals. Bioconcentration of Organic
Pollutants. Biotransformation of Organic Contaminants. Excretion of
Organic Contaminants.
Liver: Structure of Liver. Alterations of Liver/Somatic Index.
Histopathological Effects of Pollutants. Major Functions of Liver.
Effects of Pollutants on Liver Function. Ascorbic Acid and
Pollutant Exposure.
Osmotic and Ionic Regulation: Effects of Pollutants on Osmotic and
Ionic Regulation. Mucus. Chloride Cell Proliferation. Some Summary
Comments Regarding Osmoregulatory and Electrolyte Alterati
Heath, Alan G.
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